The 8 parts of speech are:
- Noun
- Adjective
- Pronoun
- Verb
- Adverb
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Interjection
NOUN
Name, place, or thing.
Abdul Kalam is the president of India
The Jasmine smells sweet
His courage won him honor
Four Kinds Of Nouns
Common noun
Proper nouns
Collective Noun
Abstract noun
COMMON NOUN
Common Noun is a name given in common to every person, place or thing of the same kind or class
Example: Boy, girl, Man, Woman, park, Lion, River.
The crowd was very big
A committee of 5 was appointed.
The soldiers were rewarded for their bravery.
Bees build hives.
The garden has many flowers.
PROPER NOUN
Proper nouns – Is the name of a particular person, place or thing. Proper nouns must always begin with a capital letter when we write.
The Brahmaputra over flows its banks every year
Mr. Raman is the chairman of that company
The Earth revolves around the sun.
Mumbai is the capital of Maharahstra.
COLLECTIVE NOUN
–Is the name of a number of persons or things taken together and spoken of as one whole.
Crowd, mob, team, flock, family, army, jury, nation, herd, swarm, crew, fleet, set, group
ABSTRACT NOUN
Is usually the name of a quality , an action or a state, considered apart from the subject to which it belongs.
Goodness, kindness, darkness, laughter, sleep, poverty, sickness, slavery.
NUMBER
A noun that denotes one person or thing is called a singular number
Boy, girl, cow, bird, chair, book.
A noun that denotes more than one person or thing is called a plural number
Boys, girls, cows, birds, chairs, books.
Tree/trees, box/boxes, ox/oxen, man/men
IRREGULAR NOUN PLURALS
When a noun ending with “y” is preceded by a consonant, change the “y” to “I” and add “es”
Example:
Baby – babies
Lady – ladies
IRREGULAR NOUN PLURALS (cont.)
If a noun ends with in “fe” or “f”, the ending is changed to “ves”
Example:
life– lives
thief– thieves
Add “es” to nouns ending in “sh”, “ch”, “s”, “Z” and “x”
Wish – wishes
Class – classes
IRREGULAR NOUN PLURALS (cont.)
If a noun ends with in “fe” or “f”, the ending is changed to “ves”
Example:
life– lives
thief– thieves
Add “s” or “es” to nouns ending in “o”
tomato– tomatoes, tomatos
hero- heros
IRREGULAR NOUN PLURALS (cont.)
The plural forms of these nouns is also irregular:
Child – children
Foot-feet
Goose-geese
Man-men
Tooth-teeth
ADJECTIVE
Word used with a noun to describe or point out the person, an.. which the noun names, or to tell the number of quantity- is called an adjective- adds meaning!
We may say an Adjective is a word used with a noun to add meaning (added to)
CLASSIFICATION OF ADJECTIVE
Adjective of Quality
Distributive Adjective
Adjective of Quantity
Demonstrative Adjectives
Interrogative Adjectives
Adjective of number
Adjective of quality
Tells us something about the quality of the noun.
Kolkotta is a large city.
He is an honest man.
The foolish crow tried to sing
Re red car sped past our house.
Distributive Adjective
Distributive Adjective point to each one of a number of countable nouns.
For example:
He is a man of few words.
Every dog has his day
Each boy must take his turn.
Adjective of Quantity
Adjective of quantity tell us what amount of an uncountable noun is meant.
For example:
I ate some rice.
There hasn’t been sufficient rain this year.
He lost all his wealth.
Demonstrative Adjective
Point to what or which noun is meant.
These grapes are sour
Those houses must be expensive
I was in such a pain after the fall
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
Are what, which and whose when they are used with nouns to ask questions.
What is the time?
Which way shall we go?
Whose hat are you wearing?
ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER
Adjective of number tell us how many of a countable noun is meant or in what order a countable noun stands.
The hand has five fingers.
Most People Like cricket
There are several issues to deal with.
USING COMPARISONS
There are two ways to make a comparison in English:
Use More in front of the Adjective
Its More exciting
Add –er to end of the adjective
A bus is cheaper than a taxi
Using Than
I am older than my wife
DEGREES
Listen to the following sentences:
Chitra’s voice is sweet
Asha’s voice is sweeter than Chitras’
Lata’s voice is the sweetest of all
Positive ending with “er”
Most adjectives form the comparative by adding “-er” to positive degree. Similarly the superlative of such adjectives are formed by adding “-est” to the positive degree.
POSITIVE | COMPARITIVE | SUPERLATIVE |
Small | Smaller | Smallest |
Bold | Bolder | Boldest |
Tall | Taller | Tallest |
Great | Greater | Greatest |
Young | Younger | Youngest |
Cold | Colder | Coldest |